Presidential election, 2024
Date: November 5, 2024 |
2024 • 2020 • 2016 |
The United States will hold its 60th presidential election on November 5, 2024. The winner of the 2024 presidential election will be sworn into office on January 20, 2025.
Click here for more information about the 2020 presidential election.
Click the links below to navigate to:
- Upcoming dates and deadlines in the presidential election
- Notable declared candidates and exploratory committees
- Timeline of campaign announcements
- Democratic presidential primary
- Republican presidential primary
- Electoral College in the 2024 presidential election
- Presidential election competitiveness
- Presidential election results by party, 1900-2020
Upcoming dates
This section is updated weekly on Fridays as information becomes available.
- December 30, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Illinois and Rhode Island.
- December 31, 2023: Filing deadline for Republican candidates with the state party in North Dakota.
- January 2, 2024: Deadline for major parties to submit a list of candidates to the Secretary of State in Minnesota.
- January 5, 2024: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Massachusetts, Illinois and Kentucky. Filing deadline for Democratic candidates with the state party in North Dakota.
- January 6, 2024: Filing deadline for Democratic candidates with the state party in Washington.
- December 22, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in North Carolina.
- December 20, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Ohio.
- December 15, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in California, Louisiana, and Vermont. Filing deadline for Republican candidates in Utah.
- December 14, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Virginia.
- December 11, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Arizona, Colorado, and Texas.
- December 8, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Michigan.
- December 6, 2023:
- Filing deadline for major party candidates in Oklahoma.
- Fourth Republican primary debate.
- December 5, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Tennessee.
- December 3, 2023: Filing deadline for Republican candidates in Idaho.[1]
- December 1, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Maine. Filing deadline for Republican candidates in Hawaii and the District of Columbia. Filing deadline for Democratic candidates in Utah.
- November 30, 2023: Deadline for major parties to submit a list of candidates to the Secretary of State in Florida.
- November 14, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Arkansas.
- November 12, 2023: Filing deadline for Republican candidates with the state party in Georgia.
- November 10, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Alabama. Filing deadline for Democratic candidates with the state party in South Carolina.
- November 8, 2023: Third Republican presidential primary debate.
- October 31, 2023: Filing deadline for Republican candidates with the state party in South Carolina.
- October 27, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in New Hampshire.
- October 16, 2023: Filing deadline for major party candidates in Nevada.
- October 15, 2023:
- Quarterly campaign finance report deadline.
- Filing deadline for Republican candidates with the state party in Nevada.
Notable declared candidates and exploratory committees
The following noteworthy candidates have filed to run for president with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) or announced exploratory committees. Click here to view a full list of all candidates who have filed with the FEC.
Democratic candidates
![]() Joe Biden |
![]() Dean Phillips |
![]() Marianne Williamson |
List of Democratic candidates
- Joe Biden (D), incumbent president of the United States, announced he would run for re-election on April 25, 2023.[2]
- Dean Phillips (D), a U.S. representative from Minnesota, announced his candidacy on October 26, 2023.[3]
- Marianne Williamson (D), 2020 presidential candidate and author, announced her candidacy on February 23, 2023.[4]
Other Democratic candidates
- Cenk Uygur (D), a media commentator and founder of The Young Turks, announced his candidacy on October 12, 2023. At the time of the announcement, it was not clear that Uygur met the natural born citizen requirement in Article II, Section 1, of the United States Constitution.[5]
Republican candidates
![]() Ryan Binkley |
![]() Chris Christie |
![]() Ron DeSantis |
![]() Nikki Haley |
![]() Asa Hutchinson |
![]() Vivek Ramaswamy |
![]() Donald Trump |
List of Republican candidates
- Ryan Binkley (R), a businessman and pastor, announced his candidacy on April 23, 2023.[6]
- Chris Christie (R), former governor of New Jersey, announced his candidacy on June 6, 2023.[7]
- Ron DeSantis (R), the governor of Florida, announced his candidacy on May 24, 2023.[8]
- Nikki Haley (R), former U.N. Ambassador and South Carolina Governor, announced her candidacy on February 14, 2023.[9]
- Asa Hutchinson (R), former Arkansas Governor, announced his candidacy on April 2, 2023.[10]
- Vivek Ramaswamy (R), entrepreneur and political commentator, announced his candidacy on February 21, 2023.[11]
- Donald Trump (R), former U.S. President, announced his candidacy on November 15, 2022.[12]
Withdrawn Republican candidates
- Doug Burgum (R), the governor of North Dakota, announced his candidacy on June 7, 2023.[13] Burgum withdrew from the race on December 4, 2023.[14]
- Larry Elder (R), a talk radio host and 2021 California gubernatorial candidate, announced his candidacy on April 20, 2023.[15] Elder suspended his campaign on October 26, 2023.
- Will Hurd (R), former U.S. Representative from Texas, announced his candidacy on June 22, 2023.[16] Hurd suspended his campaign on October 9, 2023.[17]
- Perry Johnson (R), a business owner and author, announced his candidacy on March 2, 2023.[18] Johnson suspended his campaign on October 20, 2023.[19]
- Mike Pence (R), former vice president of the United States, announced his candidacy on June 7, 2023.[20] Pence withdrew from the race on October 28, 2023.[21]
- Tim Scott (R), a United States senator from South Carolina, announced his candidacy on May 22, 2023.[22] Scott withdrew from the race on November 12, 2023.[23]
- Corey Stapleton (R), former Montana Secretary of State, announced his candidacy on November 11, 2022.[24] Stapleton withdrew from the race on October 13, 2023.[25]
- Francis Suarez (R), the Mayor of Miami, announced his candidacy on June 15, 2023.[26] Suarez suspended his campaign on August 29, 2023.[27]
Third party or independent candidates
- See also: List of 2024 registered Green presidential candidates and List of 2024 registered Libertarian presidential candidates
- Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Independent), withdrew from the Democratic primary and announced he would run as an independent on October 9, 2023.[28]
- Chase Oliver (Libertarian Party), a candidate in the 2022 Georgia U.S. Senate race, announced his candidacy on April 4, 2023.[29]
- Jill Stein (Green Party), the 2016 Green Party presidential nominee, announced her candidacy on November 9, 2023.[30]
- Cornel West (Independent), philosopher and activist, announced his candidacy on June 5, 2023.[31]
To view a list of politicians and public figures discussed in the media as potential candidates, click here.
Timeline of campaign announcements
- December 4, 2023: North Dakota Governor Doug Burgum (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[14]
- November 12, 2023: Tim Scott (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[23]
- November 9, 2023: Jill Stein (G), the 2016 Green Party presidential nominee, announced her candidacy for the Green Party nomination.[32]
- October 28, 2023: Former Vice President Mike Pence (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[33]
- October 26, 2023: U.S. Rep. Dean Phillips (D-Minn.) announced his candidacy.[34]
- October 26, 2023: Talk radio host and 2021 California gubernatorial candidate Larry Elder (R) suspended his campaign.[35]
- October 20, 2023: Perry Johnson (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[19]
- October 13, 2023: Corey Stapleton (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[25]
- October 12, 2023: Cenk Uygur (D), a media commentator and founder of The Young Turks, announced his candidacy. At the time of the announcement, it was not clear that Uygur met the natural born citizen requirement in Article II, Section 1, of the United States Constitution.[5]
- October 9, 2023: Will Hurd (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[17]
- October 9, 2023: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. withdrew from the Democratic primary and announced he would run as an independent.[28]
- August 29, 2023: Miami Mayor Francis Suarez (R) suspended his presidential campaign.[27]
- June 22, 2023: Former U.S. Representative Will Hurd (R) announced his candidacy.[36]
- June 15, 2023: Miami Mayor Francis Suarez (R) announced his candidacy.[26]
- June 7, 2023: Former Vice President Mike Pence (R) announced his candidacy.[37]
- June 7, 2023: North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) announced his candidacy.[38]
- June 6, 2023: Former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (R) announced his candidacy.[7]
- June 5, 2023: Philosopher Cornel West (G) announced his candidacy.[31]
- May 24, 2023: Florida Governor Ron DeSantis (R) announced his candidacy.[8]
- May 22, 2023: Senator Tim Scott (R-S.C.) announced his candidacy.[22]
- May 1, 2023: Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin (R) said he did not plan to declare a presidential candidacy in 2023.[39]
- April 25, 2023: President Joe Biden (D) announced his re-election campaign.[2]
- April 23, 2023: Businessman and pastor Ryan Binkley (R) announced his candidacy.[40]
- April 20, 2023: Talk radio host and 2021 California gubernatorial candidate Larry Elder (R) announced his candidacy.[15]
- April 14, 2023: Former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo (R) declined to run for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024.[41]
- April 12, 2023: U.S. Senator Tim Scott (R-S.C.) announced he had launched a presidential exploratory committee.[42]
- April 5, 2023: Author and lawyer Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (D) announced his candidacy.[43]
- April 4, 2023 Chase Oliver (L), a candidate in the 2022 Georgia U.S. Senate race, announced his candidacy.[29]
- April 2, 2023: Former Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson (R) announced his candidacy.[10]
- March 5, 2023: Former Maryland Governor Larry Hogan (R), a possible presidential candidate, declined to run for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024.[44]
- March 2, 2023: Perry Johnson (R), a business owner and author, announced his candidacy.[18]
- February 23, 2023: 2020 presidential candidate and author Marianne Williamson (D) announced her candidacy.[4]
- February 21, 2023: Entrepreneur and political commentator Vivek Ramaswamy (R) announced his candidacy.[11]
- February 14, 2023: Former U.N. Ambassador and South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley (R) announced her candidacy.[9]
- January 31, 2023: The Post and Courier reported that former South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley (R) planned to announce a presidential campaign on February 15.[45]
- November 15, 2022: Former President Donald Trump (R) announced his candidacy.[12]
- November 11, 2022: Former Montana Secretary of State Corey Stapleton (R) announced his candidacy.[24]
Democratic presidential primary
- See also: Democratic presidential nomination, 2024
The Democratic Party will select its presidential nominee at the 2024 Democratic National Convention, which will take place from August 19-22, 2024, in Chicago, Illinois.
Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries are held to allocate convention delegates. To read more about the 2024 primary schedule click here. These delegates, along with superdelegates who come from the party leadership, vote at the convention to select the nominee.
Ballotpedia has identified the following noteworthy candidates seeking the Democratic nomination:
- Joe Biden (D), incumbent president of the United States, announced he would run for re-election on April 25, 2023.[2]
- Dean Phillips (D), a U.S. representative from Minnesota, announced his candidacy on October 26, 2023.[46]
- Marianne Williamson (D), 2020 presidential candidate and author, announced her candidacy on February 23, 2023.[4]
Democratic primary debates
The Democratic Party said it did not plan to hold presidential primary debates.
Campaign finance in the Democratic presidential primary
The following chart displays noteworthy Democratic primary candidates' overall fundraising through the October 2023 quarterly campaign finance reports. Note that the chart displays fundraising figures for candidates who had declared before the most recent reporting deadline. It only displays data for principal campaign committees, not candidate-affiliated PACs. The charts below include campaign finance reports beginning at the point the FEC starts classifying the committee as a presidential candidate's principal campaign finance committee.
Receipts is a broad term referring to all money that goes into a campaign account, including contributions by individuals, dividends or interest on loans or investments made by the campaign, transfers of money from other political committees, and offsets to a campaign's expenditures in the form of rebates or refunds. Contributions reflect individual donations to a campaign. Disbursements is a term for campaign spending.
Republican presidential primary
- See also: Republican presidential nomination, 2024
The Republican Party will select its presidential nominee at the 2024 Republican National Convention, which will take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from July 15-18, 2024. Before the convention, each state, Washington, D.C., and five U.S. territories will hold a primary, caucus, or convention to decide how to allocate delegates at the national convention. These nominating events typically begin in February of an election year, though 2024 primary dates are still uncertain.
The Republican National Committee began holding primary debates in August 2023, with the first debate taking place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[47]
Ballotpedia has identified the following noteworthy candidates seeking the Republican nomination:
- Ryan Binkley (R), a businessman and pastor, announced his candidacy on April 23, 2023.[48]
- Chris Christie (R), former governor of New Jersey, announced his candidacy on June 6, 2023.[7]
- Ron DeSantis (R), the governor of Florida, announced his candidacy on May 24, 2023.[8]
- Nikki Haley (R), former U.N. Ambassador and South Carolina Governor, announced her candidacy on February 14, 2023.[9]
- Asa Hutchinson (R), former Arkansas Governor, announced his candidacy on April 2, 2023.[10]
- Vivek Ramaswamy (R), entrepreneur and political commentator, announced his candidacy on February 21, 2023.[11]
- Donald Trump (R), former U.S. President, announced his candidacy on November 15, 2022.[12]
Republican primary debates
The following table provides an overview of the date, location, host, and number of participants in each scheduled 2024 Republican presidential primary debate.
2024 Republican presidential primary debates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Debate | Date | Location | Host | Number of participants |
First Republican primary debate | August 23, 2023 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin[49] | Fox News[50] | 8 |
Second Republican primary debate | September 27, 2023 | Simi Valley, California[51] | Fox Business, Univision | 7 |
Third Republican primary debate | November 8, 2023 | Miami, Florida[52] | NBC News, Salem Radio Network | 5 |
Fourth Republican primary debate | December 6, 2023 | Tuscaloosa, Alabama[53] | NewsNation, The Megyn Kelly Show, the Washington Free Beacon | 4 |
On December 7, 2023, CNN reported the RNC would lift its ban on non-RNC sanctioned debates.[54] | ||||
Fifth Republican primary debate | January 10, 2024 | Des Moines, Iowa[54] | CNN | TBD |
Sixth Republican primary debate | January 18, 2024 | Manchester, New Hampshire[55] | ABC News, WMUR-TV, New Hampshire Republican State Committee | TBD |
Seventh Republican primary debate | January 21, 2024 | Goffstown, New Hampshire[54] | CNN | TBD |
Campaign finance in the Republican presidential primary
The following chart displays noteworthy Republican primary candidates' overall fundraising through the October 2023 quarterly campaign finance reports. Note that the chart displays fundraising figures for candidates who had declared before the most recent reporting deadline. It only displays data for principal campaign committees, not candidate-affiliated PACs. The charts below include campaign finance reports beginning at the point the FEC starts classifying the committee as a presidential candidate's principal campaign finance committee.
Receipts is a broad term referring to all money that goes into a campaign account, including contributions by individuals, dividends or interest on loans or investments made by the campaign, transfers of money from other political committees, and offsets to a campaign's expenditures in the form of rebates or refunds. Contributions reflect individual donations to a campaign. Disbursements is a term for campaign spending.
Endorsements in the Republican presidential primary
- See also: Presidential election endorsements, 2024
The following chart shows the total number of noteworthy endorsements each Republican presidential candidate has received.
Policy positions
Click on any of the following links to read statements from the 2024 presidential candidates on a range of domestic, economic, and foreign policy issues. These statements were primarily compiled from each candidate's official campaign website.
Administrative state
- 2024 presidential candidates on the administrative state
- 2024 presidential candidates on the Department of Justice and Federal Bureau of Investigation
Coronavirus response
Criminal justice
- 2024 presidential candidates on criminal justice
- 2024 presidential candidates on policing
- 2024 presidential candidates on the Trump indictments
- 2024 presidential candidates on courts
Economy
- 2024 presidential candidates on the economy
- 2024 presidential candidates on Social Security
- 2024 presidential candidates on taxes
- 2024 presidential candidates on inflation
- 2024 presidential candidates on job creation
Education
- 2024 presidential candidates on education
- 2024 presidential candidates on charter schools and voucher programs
- 2024 presidential candidates on school curriculums and parental involvement
- 2024 presidential candidates on college affordability
Election policy
Energy and environmental issues
- 2024 presidential candidates on energy and environmental issues
- 2024 presidential candidates on climate change
- 2024 presidential candidates on energy production
Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)
Federalism
Foreign policy
- 2024 presidential candidates on foreign policy
- 2024 presidential candidates on China (foreign policy)
- 2024 presidential candidates on Russia
- 2024 presidential candidates on the war in Ukraine
- 2024 presidential candidates on the Middle East and North Africa
- 2024 presidential candidates on South and Central America
- 2024 presidential candidates on the Israel-Palestine conflict
Government ethics
Gun regulation
Healthcare
Sex and gender issues
- 2024 presidential candidates on sex and gender issues
- 2024 presidential candidates on transgender healthcare
Immigration
- 2024 presidential candidates on immigration
- 2024 presidential candidates on border security
- 2024 presidential candidates on immigration enforcement
Impeachment
Infrastructure
Opioids and drug issues
Trade
Veterans
General election debates
- See also: Presidential debates, 2024
The following table provides an overview of the date, location, and host in each scheduled 2024 general election debate.
2024 general election debates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Debate | Date | Location | Host | |
First presidential debate | September 16, 2024 | San Marcos, Texas | Texas State University | |
Vice presidential debate | September 25, 2024 | Easton, Pennsylvania | Lafayette College | |
Second presidential debate | October 1, 2024 | Petersburg, Virginia | Virginia State University | |
Third presidential debate | October 9, 2024 | Salt Lake City, Utah | The University of Utah |
Presidential election key staff
- See also: Presidential election key staffers, 2024
Campaign staff plays an important role in the presidential primaries. The makeup of a candidate's staff can signal the strength of their support from influential party activists and whether they are aligning with a particular faction or group within the party. Eric Appleman of Democracy in Action describes candidates' efforts to hire staffers as a "race for talent, both nationally and in key early states." He adds, "The goal is to assemble a team of top talent that can work together effectively to mobilize resources, boost the candidate and his or her message, and ultimately secure the party's nomination."[56]
Presidential candidates will typically have a national staff, which is overseen by a campaign manager and assisted by political consultants, senior advisors, professional polling firms, and key stakeholders such as interest group leaders and major financial supporters. They also build organizations in individual states that are overseen by state directors and staffed by party activists and political professionals well-versed in the particular politics of the area. Candidates often appoint elected officials and other important figures in their party's coalition as chairs of their national campaign and state-level campaigns.[56]
Click here for an overview of key staff by presidential campaign.
Electoral College
The Electoral College is the process by which the states and District of Columbia elect the president of the United States. Each state is represented by a number of electors equal to the size of its congressional delegation. There are 538 electors in total. To win the Electoral College, a candidate must receive a majority—at least 270—electoral votes.[57]
Thirteen states gained or lost electoral votes following the 2020 Census:[58]
- Texas gained two votes.
- Colorado, Florida, Montana, North Carolina, and Oregon each gained one.
- California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia each lost one.
Although there is no constitutional provision or federal law requiring electors to vote in accordance with the election results in their state, electors typically vote for their state's popular vote winner. Some states have provisions permitting the disqualification and replacement of an elector whose vote deviates from the state's popular vote. There were no faithless electors in 2020.[59]
The following map shows the number of electoral votes per state in the 2024 presidential election.
Presidential election competitiveness
Polling
The section below displays national polling averages for the 2024 Democratic and Republican presidential nominations from RealClearPolitics.
Prediction markets
The section below displays national PredictIt share prices and RealClearPolitics prediction market averages for the 2024 Democratic and Republican presidential nominations.
What is a prediction market?
Prediction markets allow users to purchase shares relating to the outcome of events using real money. Each event, such as an election, has a number of contracts associated with it, each correlating to a different outcome. For instance, an election contested between four candidates would be represented by eight separate contracts, with each contract correlating to a particular candidate winning or losing the election.
The share price in each individual forecast rises and falls based on market demand. Once the event's outcome is decided, holders of shares that correlate with the correct outcome receive a payout for each share they held.
For example, a user buys 10 shares at 20 cents each in a presidential primary saying Candidate A will win. If Candidate A wins the election, the user earns $10. If the candidate loses, the user earns no money and loses his original $2 investment.
Why do prediction markets matter?
Prediction markets can be used to gain insight into the outcome of elections. Microsoft Research economist David Rothschild argued that they are better suited to the task than polls: "I can create a poll that can mimic everything about a prediction market...except markets have a way of incentivizing you to come back at 2 a.m. and update your answer."[60][61][62]
PredictIt
The chart below shows 2024 Democratic presidential primary open share prices over time.[63]
RealClearPolitics prediction market averages
PredictIt
The chart below shows 2024 Republican presidential primary open share prices over time.[64]
RealClearPolitics prediction market averages
Presidential election results by party, 1900-2020
- See also: Presidential voting history by state
This table lists presidential election results by party for each state in every presidential election held between 1900 and 2020.
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ The filing deadline was estimated based on the Idaho Republican Party rule that said, "For a candidate to be placed on the official ballot for the Idaho Republican Presidential Caucus, he or she shall submit a $50,000.00 filing fee and declaration of candidacy to the Idaho Republican Party no later than 90 days prior to the caucus date."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 YouTube, "Joe Biden Launches His Campaign For President: Let's Finish the Job," April 25, 2023
- ↑ The New York Times, "Dean Phillips Will Run Against Biden," October 26, 2023
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 The Hill, "Marianne Williamson confirms she will run for president in 2024," February 23, 2023
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Axios, "Young Turks founder Cenk Uygur to run for president in 2024 as Democrat," October 11, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "Ryan Binkley, Texas CEO and pastor, announces 2024 Republican presidential run," April 24, 2023
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 The New York Times, "Chris Christie Formally Enters ’24 Race, as He Takes Square Aim at Trump," June 6, 2023
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Federal Election Commission, "Statement of Organization," accessed May 24, 2023
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Twitter, "Nikki Haley on February 14, 2023," accessed February 14, 2023
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Politico.com, "Asa Hutchinson announces presidential bid, says Trump should withdraw from race," April 2, 2023
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Politico, "Vivek Ramaswamy announces he will run for president," February 21, 2023
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 The New York Times, "Trump, ignoring the midterms’ verdict on him, announces a 2024 run, November 15, 2022"
- ↑ AP, "In Fargo, North Dakota, Gov. Doug Burgum jumps into crowded Republican race for president," June 7, 2023
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 NBC News, "Doug Burgum suspends presidential campaign," December 4, 2023
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Associated Press, "Larry Elder announces bid for 2024 Republican presidential nomination," April 20, 2023
- ↑ CBS News, "Republican Will Hurd announces he's running for president," June 22, 2023
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 NPR, "Former Texas Rep. Will Hurd suspends GOP 2024 presidential bid, endorses Nikki Haley," October 10, 2023
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 AP, "Businessman Perry Johnson announces 2024 presidential bid," March 3, 2023
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Twitter, "Johnson on October 20, 2023," accessed October 20, 2023
- ↑ YouTube, "Mike Pence officially announces 2024 presidential bid," June 7, 2023
- ↑ CBS News, "Former Vice President Mike Pence drops out of 2024 presidential race," October 31, 2023
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 C-SPAN, "Sen. Tim Scott Announces Presidential Campaign," May 22, 2023
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 The New York Times, "Tim Scott Suspends ’24 Campaign, as His Sunny Message Failed to Resonate," accessed November 12, 2023
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 CBS 17, "Former Montana Secretary of State Corey Stapleton Says 'Pay It Forward', Announces Bid for U.S. President 2024," November 11, 2022
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Newswire, "U.S. Presidential Candidate Corey Stapleton Bows Out of Race," October 13, 2023
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 The Washington Post, "Miami Mayor Francis Suarez announces GOP presidential bid," June 15, 2023
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Twitter, "Suarez on August 29, 2023," accessed August 29, 2023
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Associated Press, "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will run for president as an independent and drop his Democratic primary bid," accessed October 9, 2023
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Twitter, "Chase Oliver on April 4, 2023," accessed October 4, 2023
- ↑ Twitter, "Stein on November 9, 2023," accessed November 9, 2023
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Twitter, "Cornel West on June 5, 2023," accessed June 14, 2023
- ↑ Twitter, "Stein on November 9, 2023," accessed November 9, 2023
- ↑ NBC, "Former Vice President Mike Pence suspends his 2024 presidential bid", accessed October 28, 2023
- ↑ The New York Times, "Dean Phillips Will Run Against Biden," October 26, 2023
- ↑ Twitter, "Elder on October 26, 2023," accessed October 27, 2023
- ↑ CBS News, "Republican Will Hurd announces he's running for president," June 22, 2023
- ↑ YouTube, "Mike Pence officially announces 2024 presidential bid," June 7, 2023
- ↑ AP, "In Fargo, North Dakota, Gov. Doug Burgum jumps into crowded Republican race for president," June 7, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "Glenn Youngkin says he’s not running for president ‘this year’," May 1, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "Ryan Binkley, Texas CEO and pastor, announces 2024 Republican presidential run," April 24, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "Pompeo won’t run for president in 2024," accessed April 14, 2023
- ↑ Twitter, "Tim Scott on April 12, 2023," accessed April 12, 2023
- ↑ CNN, "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. files paperwork to run for president as a Democrat," April 5, 2023
- ↑ Washington Post, "Larry Hogan, former Maryland governor and Trump critic, won’t run for president," March 5, 2023
- ↑ The Post and Courier, "It’s official: Nikki Haley running for president. Formal announcement Feb. 15," January 31, 2023
- ↑ The New York Times, "Dean Phillips Will Run Against Biden," October 26, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "RNC votes to hold first presidential debate in Milwaukee," February 23, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "Ryan Binkley, Texas CEO and pastor, announces 2024 Republican presidential run," April 24, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "RNC votes to hold first presidential debate in Milwaukee," February 23, 2023
- ↑ Fox News, "Fox News will host first 2024 Republican presidential primary debate in Milwaukee," April 12, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "McDaniel announces California will host second GOP debate for 2024," April 20, 2023
- ↑ Reuters, "Third Republican primary debate to be in Miami in early November," September 14, 2023
- ↑ Associated Press, "Qualification markers grow even tougher for next month’s 4th GOP presidential debate, in Alabama," November 3, 2023
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 CNN, "CNN to host two GOP presidential primary debates in 2024," December 7, 2023
- ↑ ABC News, "ABC News to host GOP presidential debate before New Hampshire primary," December 7, 2023
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Democracy in Action, "Building Campaign Organizations (2019)," accessed May 10, 2019
- ↑ National Archives, "Electoral College," accessed September 3, 2020
- ↑ 270 to Win, "Census Apportionment Results Released; 13 States See a Change in Congressional Seats," April 26, 2021
- ↑ National Archives, "Electors," accessed September 3, 2020
- ↑ Nature, "The power of prediction markets," October 18, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "Meet the 'stock market' for politics," October 31, 2014
- ↑ U.S. Presidential General Election Results, "2008 Electoral Map Based on the Intrade Prediction Market," accessed January 25, 2018
- ↑ PredictIt, "Who will win the 2024 Democratic presidential nomination?" accessed December 20, 2022
- ↑ PredictIt, "Who will win the 2024 Republican presidential nomination?" accessed December 20, 2022
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